Significant figures - Rounding and estimating - National 5 Application of Maths Revision - BBC Bitesize (2024)

Significant figures

Sometimes we do not always need to give detailed answers to problems - we just want a rough idea. When we are faced with a large number, we could round it off to the nearest thousand, or nearest million. And when we get a long decimal answer on a calculator, we could round it off to a certain number of decimal places.

Another method of giving an approximated answer is to round off using significant figures.

Sometimes, the term 'significant figures' is abbreviated to sig. figs and often it's abbreviated to just s.f.

The word significant means important. The closer a digit is to the beginning of a number, the more important - or significant - it is.

With the number \(368249\), the \(3\) is the most significant digit, because it tells us that the number is \(3 hundred thousand\) and something. It follows that the \(6\) is the next most significant, and so on.

With the number \(0.0000058763\), the \(5\) is the most significant digit, because it tells us that the number is \(5 millionths\) and something. The \(8\) is the next most significant, and so on.

We round off a number using a certain number of significant figures. The most common are \(1, 2 \)or \(3\) significant figures.

Remember the rules for rounding up are the same as before:

If the next number is 5 or more, we round up.

If the next number is 4 or less, we do not round up.

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